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Sums
In a paragraph
A box of 12 × 7 + 3 apples is a little more than 80. Everybody knows 2 + 2 = 4, but fewer people know that 2^10 is exactly 1024, which is why a kilobyte was once 1024 bytes. What is 144 ÷ 12 = ? Splitting a $120 + $45 bill three ways?
The classic right triangle: 32 + 42 = 52. A circle of radius 5 has an area of π × 5² and a circumference of 2π × 5. The diagonal of a unit square is √2, and a tip of 15% of 80 is twelve.
Light travels about 3 × 108 m/s, so in a minute it covers 3e8 × 60 metres. In trigonometry, sin(30°) is one half, and sin(π/6) is the same in radians. Avogadro's number times two is 6.022e23 × 2.
Long and nested should work
- Nested brackets: (((2 + 3) × (4 − 1))^2 − 17) ÷ 4
- Twenty terms: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 17 + 18 + 19 + 20
- Square brackets: [3 + (4 × [2 − 7])] × 2
- Tower of powers: 2^2^3
- Negative and fractional powers: 2^-3 + 4^(1/2) − 8^(−1/3)
- Roots of roots: √(√(√256))
- Implicit times: 3(2 + 5)(4 − 1)
- Factorials: 10! ÷ (5! × 5!)
- Squared minus: −(−3)^2
- Floating point: 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.30000000000000004
- Phi: (1 + √5) ÷ 2
- Big numbers: 99999999 × 99999999
- Scientific notation: 1.5e-7 × 3.2e12
- A power in a tag: 6.02214076 × 1023 ÷ 1000, and 5 × 10-3
- Superscripts: 2¹⁰ − 3⁴ + 10⁻²
- Modulo: 7 mod 3 + 15 mod 4
- Percent: 25% of 360
- Money with thousands: $1,234.56 × 12
Written in fractions: the answer is a fraction, and a/b opens on should work
- 1/2 + 3/4 − 5/8
- Fractions of one character: ½ + ¼, and 2 × 1½
- (2/3) ÷ (4/9)
Functions should work
- Identity: sin(45°)^2 + cos(45°)^2
- Inverse trig: arctan(1) × 4
- Hyperbolic: tanh(0.5) + sinh(1)
- Logs: log(1000) − ln(1) + log(0.01)
- Nested functions: sqrt(abs(−16)) + round(2.567) + floor(−2.5)
- Trig without brackets: sin 30 + cos 60
- Radians: cos(π) + sin(π/2)
Long and mixed: fractions, roots, logs, trig and π should work
- All of them: (3/4 + √(16) × log(100)) ÷ (2π − sin(π/6))
- Phi squared: ((1 + √5)/2)^2 − ((1 + √5)/2) − 1
- An identity and more: sin(π/4)^2 + cos(π/4)^2 + tan(π/4) × log(10)
- Roots of powers: 2^(1/2) × 3^(1/3) + √(√81) − 8^(2/3)
- Square of a sum of roots: (sqrt(2) + sqrt(3))^2 − 2sqrt(6)
- Logs and fractions: log(2)/log(8) + ln(1) − (5/6 − 1/3) × π
- Compound interest: 1000 × (1 + 0.05/12)^(12 × 10)
- Inverse trig: arcsin(1/2) + arccos(1/2) + arctan(1)
- In degrees: ((2 + 3)^2 − √(144) ÷ (4 − 1)) × sin(30°) + ln(exp(2))
- Nested functions: sqrt(abs(log(0.001))) × cos(π/3) + floor(π^2) − round(exp(0) + 1/3)
- A long equation: sin(x) + √(x) = log(x + 10) + π/4
- A long inequality: x^2/4 − 3x + ln(2) < √(x + 9)
- Drawn:
- Drawn:
- A continued fraction:
- Powers of fractions:
- An integral of a mix:
- A sum of a mix:
- A drawn equation:
Equations and inequalities
Of x should work
- Linear: Solve 2x + 3 = 7 first.
- Quadratic: x² − 5x + 6 = 0
- A cubic: x^3 = 2x + 1
- Quintic: x^5 − 3x^3 + x − 1 = 0
- Biquadratic: x⁴ − 10x² + 9 = 0
- Factored: (x − 1)(x − 2)(x − 3) = 0
- With a tag power: x2 − 2x + 1 = 0
- Exponential: 2^x = 1024
- Logarithmic: log(x) = 3
- Mixed: ln(x) + x = 5
- Trig: sin(x) = cos(x)
- Radical: √(x + 3) = x − 3
- Absolute value: abs(x − 2) = 5
- Rational: 1/x + 1/(x + 1) = 1
- Both sides: 3x + 7 = 2x − 5
- Decimals: 0.5x − 1.25 = 3.75
- No real root: x^2 + 1 = 0
- Cubic inequality: x^3 − x > 0
- Linear inequality: 2x + 1 ≥ 3x − 4
- Square inequality: x² ≤ 9, and x^2 − 4 > 0
- Double inequality: −2 < 3x + 1 < 7
Together: two or three equations should work
- Two lines: Solve 2x + y = 5, x − y = 1 together.
- Three planes: x + y + z = 6, 2x − y + z = 3, x + 2y − z = 2.
- A circle and a line: x² + y² = 25 and x + y = 7.
- One line twice: x + y = 1, 2x + 2y = 2
Functions to draw should work
- A parabola: y = x² − 4x + 3
- A named function: f(x) = sin(x)/x
- Growth: g(x) = 2^x
- A cubic: h(x) = x³ − 3x
- With asymptotes: y = tan(x)
- A line: y = 2x + 1
- Not one: y = 5, y = x, y = mx + b
Calculus
Derivatives, series and differential equations should work
- At a point: Find d/dx x^3 at x = 2.
- In words: the derivative of sin(x) at x = pi
- To draw: d/dx (x^3 − 3x)
- Taylor: the Taylor series of sin(x) about 0 to order 7
- Maclaurin: the Maclaurin series of e^x
- A differential equation: y' = x + y, y(0) = 1
- Another: dy/dx = x*y with y(0) = 1
The cards of the calculator
Conversions should work
- A run of 5 km in miles.
- Set the oven from 350 °F to °C.
- How many cups in 2 liters?
- A 2 TB in GB disk.
- Convert 100 pounds in kilograms.
Dates should work
- The project ran from March 3, 2024 to June 1, 2026.
- Open between 2024-01-01 and 2024-12-31.
- A range: 1 May 2026 – 4 July 2026
- From today to 25 December 2026.
- The warranty ends 90 days after 1 May 2026.
- Three weeks back: 3 weeks before March 1, 2027
- A month on: 2026-01-31 plus 1 month
Money should work
- A $250,000 mortgage at 6.5% for 30 years.
- Or a 5-year car loan of $20k at 4%.
- Prices rose from $120 to $150 last year.
- Rates increased from 3% to 5%.
- Savings at 5% compounded monthly.
- 4.5% APR, compounded daily
Choices and complex numbers should work
- There are 52 choose 5 poker hands.
- Orders: 10 nPr 3
- A function: nCr(10, 3)
- With its answer: C(52, 5) = 2,598,960
- Multiply (3 + 4i)(1 − 2i) by hand.
- Its length: |3 + 4i| is 5
- A sum: 2 + 3i
IP networks should work
- Home network: 192.168.0.1/24
- A big private one: 10.0.0.0/8
- A small office: 172.16.5.4/28
- With a mask: 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0
- Two hosts linked: 203.0.113.8/31
- IPv6 documentation: 2001:db8::/32
- IPv6 link-local: fe80::1/64
- IPv6 in full: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334/64
- Not an address: 300.1.1.1/24
- Not a mask: 10.0.0.1 255.0.255.0
Logic should work
- To simplify: F = AB + A'C + BC
- Of its minterms: F(A, B, C) = Σm(1, 3, 5, 7)
- With rows that may be either: F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(0, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15) + d(1)
- Of its maxterms: ΠM(0, 2, 4)
- In words: A AND NOT B OR C
- With signs: Y = A ⊕ B, and P ∧ ¬Q
- As a textbook prints it: F = AB′ + C′D
- Not logic: R AND D, O'Brien, ROCK AND ROLL, the letters 'A' and 'B'
Formulas and constants should work
- Einstein's E = mc² and Newton's F = ma
- Ohm's law V = IR, and the ideal gas law PV = nRT
- Pythagoras: a² + b² = c², and kinetic energy KE = ½mv²
- The speed of light, about 300,000 km/s
- Planck's constant and the reduced Planck constant
- Avogadro's number, and the Boltzmann constant
- The gravitational constant, and the acceleration due to gravity
- The mass of the electron, and the elementary charge
- Not: a Raspberry Pi, a bar of soap, e = mc, F = mass
Chemistry
A reaction is balanced; a formula gets its molar mass, name and oxidation numbers; a composition its empirical formula; a mixture of gases the pressure of each; a compound named its formula; an element its place in the table. A click opens it in the Chemistry panel.
Reactions should work
- Water: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
- Rust, to balance: Fe + O2 → Fe2O3
- Burning propane: C3H8 + O2 = CO2 + H2O
- With an arrow typed: CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
- The Haber process: N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
- Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
- As Wikipedia writes it: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
- Ions and states: Ag+(aq) + Cl−(aq) → AgCl(s)
- Ions in plain text: Na+ + Cl- → NaCl
- Neutralization: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
- Redox, to balance: Cl2 + NaOH → NaCl + NaClO3 + H2O
- A half-reaction: Fe^3+ + e- → Fe^2+
Formulas should work
- Battery acid is H2SO4.
- Table salt, NaCl, and baking soda, NaHCO3
- Breathe out CO₂, drink H₂O
- Blue crystals of CuSO4·5H2O
- With brackets: Ca(OH)2, (NH4)2SO4 and K4[Fe(CN)6]
- As Wikipedia writes it: Fe2O3, rust
- An ion: SO42−, and typed, MnO4^-
- Caffeine, C8H10N4O2
- Silver chloride does not dissolve: AgCl
- Chalk, CaCO3, and quicklime, CaO
Compositions should work
- Glucose is 40% C, 6.7% H and 53.3% O by mass.
- By name: carbon 40%, hydrogen 6.7%, oxygen 53.3%
- An oxide of iron: Fe 69.9%, O 30.1%
- With colons: C: 85.6%, H: 14.4%
- Of elements that are gases: water is hydrogen 11.2%, oxygen 88.8%
Mixtures of gases should work
- Air is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% argon.
- Dry air: N2 78.08%, O2 20.95%, Ar 0.93%, CO2 0.04%
- As Wikipedia writes it: N2 78%, O2 21%, Ar 1%
- Natural gas: methane 95%, ethane 3%, propane 2%
- A mix for diving, heliox: 79% helium and 21% oxygen
- By mass, air is 75.5% N₂, 23.1% O₂ and 1.3% Ar
Names of compounds should work
- A pinch of sodium chloride
- Concentrated sulfuric acid
- Rust is iron(III) oxide.
- Fertilizer: ammonium nitrate
- Blue copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
- A brown gas: dinitrogen tetroxide
- Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
- Hydrochloric acid in the stomach
- For cakes: sodium hydrogen carbonate
Elements should work
- Iron (Fe) rusts.
- Na (sodium) reacts with water.
- The element carbon
- Gold is element Au.
- Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) make brass.
Chemistry traps should not work
They look like chemistry but are not. A red one here is a false icon.
- Codes: a PS5, the W3C, Y2K, H1N1, an SN2 reaction, HeLa cells, NaN, a PoS terminal, the CoP26
- Capitals: the CNN, the BBC, the NHS, KOH alone, COVID-19
- One element: vitamin B12, an N95 mask, a V8 engine, O2 alone
- Letters and arrows: Home → About, the chords C → G, S → N
- Words: He is here, In 2024, As we know, No way, the US and UK, a CO2e figure, H2O.com
- Not compounds: citric acid, the climate, copper sulfate (which copper?), 40% of people and 60% of cats
- Not elements: Ohm (Ω), Pi (π), the element of surprise
- Gases not near 100%: 50% nitrogen and 20% argon
Physics
Parts in series and parallel get their value; a resistor's colours or SMD code its resistance; a level in dBm or dBV its watts and volts. A click opens it in the Physics panel.
Series and parallel should work
- Two in parallel: 4.7 kΩ ∥ 10 kΩ
- In series and parallel: 100 + 220 || 330
- With brackets: (1k + 2k2) || 4k7
- Capacitors add in parallel: 10 µF || 22 µF
- Coils: 10 mH ∥ 10 mH
Resistor colour codes should work
- A resistor of brown, black, red and gold bands
- Yellow-violet-red-gold
- Read from its other end, a resistor: gold, red, violet, yellow
- Five bands, 1%: a resistor of brown black black red brown
SMD resistor codes should work
- An SMD resistor marked 473 is 47 kΩ.
- R for the point: a 4R7 resistor, and a 0R22 shunt resistor
- SMD resistor codes 103, 472 and 01C
- Of 4 digits: the resistor's code is 4702.
Levels in decibels should work
- The output is −30 dBm.
- A transmitter of 30 dBW
- Consumer audio, −10 dBV
- A weak signal of 20 dBµV, or 0 dBmV
Physics traps should not work
They look like physics but are not. A red one here is a false icon.
- Logic: a || b, x || 0
- Two kinds of part: 10 µF || 10 kΩ
- Colours of other things: the flag is red, white and blue; red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet
- Decibels alone: a 3 dB gain, 85 dB(A)
- Names and cases of parts: resistors R1, R2 and R47, a 1206 resistor of 100 Ω
- Codes of other parts: a capacitor marked 104
Biology
A sequence of DNA or RNA gets its length, GC and mass, a primer its melting point; a cross its ratios, and a cross of the X its sons and daughters. A click opens it in the Biology panel.
Sequences should work
- A primer: 5′-AGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGGA-3′
- M13 forward, GTAAAACGACGGCCAGT
- As GenBank writes it: atggctagca aaggagaaga acttttcact ggagttgtcc
- GFP's start: ATGGCTAGCAAAGGAGAAGAACTTTTCACTGGAGTTGTCCCAATTCTTGTTGAATTAGATGGTGATGTTAATGGGCACAAATTTTCTG
- An mRNA: AUGGCCAUUGUAAUGGGCCGCUGAAAGGGUGCCCGAUAG
Crosses should work
- A dihybrid cross: AaBb × AaBb
- A test cross: Tt x tt
- True-breeding parents, AA × aa
- Colour blindness, as Wikipedia writes it: XBXb × XbY
- In plain text: XAXa × XaY
- Raised as text: XᴴXʰ × XʰY
Biology traps should not work
They look like biology but are not. A red one here is a false icon.
- Genes that do not pair: AA x BB, Ab × Ab, XX x YY, AA x AA
- A size: a 2 x 4
- Short or of one base: GATTACA, ACCTGGTTGGCCAA, GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
- Words: WHAT A CATCHY HEADLINE, a cat
Maths drawn as maths
KaTeX, as ChatGPT and Notion draw it should work
- Fractions:
- Roots and powers:
- A cube root:
- Absolute values:
- The constant e:
- Trig in radians:
- A factorial:
- A quadratic:
- Another letter:
- A double inequality:
- Two equations:
- An integral:
- An integral of sine:
- To infinity:
- A sum:
- The Basel sum:
- A product:
- A limit:
- The limit of e:
- A derivative to draw:
- A differential equation:
- A choice:
- A complex number:
- A display formula, on its own line:
- A function to draw:
- Another:
- Formula:
- Formula:
- Formula:
- Formula:
- Not ours: and
- A function in pieces:
Matrices should work
- 2×2:
- 3×3 named:
- A determinant:
- det of a fraction:
- Singular:
- Not square:
- An old array:
- MathML:
- Of letters, not ours:
MathJax 3, as Stack Exchange draws it should work
- A fraction sum:
- A root:
- An equation:
- An integral:
- A sum:
- Formula:
- Formula:
MathJax 2, its TeX in a script after it should work
- A sum: ½ + ¼
- An equation: 3x − 4 = 11
Wikipedia and MathML should work
- Wikipedia's markup: 3² + 4²
- Wikipedia, a formula: E = mc²
- MathML:
- MathML, a fraction:
- MathML, sine applied:
- MathML, an integral:
- MathML, a choice:
Select it yourself
These get no icon in the text. Select one with the mouse: an icon comes at the end of what you select, with the same tip and click. Or right-click a selection for Calculate “…”.
- A whole number, its factors and bases: 360, or 97
- A decimal, as a fraction: 0.375
- A list, its statistics: 4 8 15 16 23 42
- With commas: 1, 2, 3, 4
- Codes: 0xFF, 0b1010, f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6
- A Unix time: 1700000000, and Base64: SGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=
- A quantity, in every unit of its group: 5 km, or 72°F
- A date, from today: March 3, 2024; a time on: in 90 days
- A sum in a sentence: Twelve dozen is 12 × 12, a gross.
- A letter of its own: 3t + 2 = 11
- Chemistry alone: Fe, iron, KOH, O2, water
- Colours alone: red red brown
- An SMD code alone: 4R7, or R47
- Logic of + alone: AB + BC
- A protein: MQIFVKTLTGKTITLEVEPSDTIENVKAKIQDKEGIPPDQQRLIFAGKQLEDGRTLSDYNIQKESTLHLVLRLRGG
A column of a table, its statistics:
| Price |
|---|
| $1,200.50 |
| $300 |
| $45.10 |
| $19.99 |
Not yet, and traps
The calculator can, the detector cannot yet not yet
- Other letters in the text: 3t + 2 = 11, and 5n − 4 = 16
- The constant e in the text: e^3 + ln(e^2)
- Absolute bars in the text: |−5| + |3|
- An integral in the text: ∫₀¹ x² dx
- A limit in the text: lim x→0 sin(x)/x
- A sum in words: Σ k² for k = 1 to 10
- TeX source not drawn: \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}
Traps should not work
They look like maths but are not. A red one here is a false icon.
- An ISBN: 978-3-16-148410-0
- An address alone, no network: 192.168.0.1
- A ratio: 3:2
- A version: 2.0.1, and Windows 10 to 11
- A score: 21-14
- Coordinates: 40.7128° N, 74.0060° W, and point C(3, 4)
- Speed: x2 playback
- A deal: buy 2 + get 1 free
- A size: a 1920 x 1080 screen, I am 5 ft tall, He is 6 ft 2 in
- A temperature range: −5 to 10 °C
- Times: from 9 to 5, from 9:00 to 17:00, open 24/7
- A phone: +44 20 7946 0958, or 555-123-4567
- An age rating: 18+
- Solved already: x = 5, y = 3, and x = - 3
- Code in text: i = i + 1
- Roman numerals: chapter (i) 2, and i/2
- Dates alone: 2024-10-18, on 3/4/2024 and 5/6/2024, 3 years later
- Numbers of other things: see pages 10-20, version 1.2.3, COVID-19, the score was 3 - 1
- Words: a loan to a friend, the 30 years war at 5%
let total = 2 + 3; // code is not read
A page that changes
Inside a box that scrolls
more text
more text
more text
and 9 + 10 at the bottom
Maths that comes later
Pages change after they load. New maths gets its icon too: